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什么是血吸虫

血吸虫也称裂体吸虫（schistosoma）。寄生于人体的血吸虫种类较多，主要有三种，即日本血吸虫（s．japonicum）、曼氏血吸虫（s．mansoni）和埃及血吸虫（s．haematobium）。此外，在某些局部地区尚有间插血吸虫（s．intercalatum），湄公血吸虫（s．mekongi）和马来血吸虫（s．malayensis）寄生在人体的病例报告。

寄生于人体的血吸虫在形态、生理和生活史等方面，有许多不同于其它人体寄生吸虫，如血吸虫系雌雄异体；成虫在肠系膜静脉或膀胱静脉丛寄生，虫卵从粪或尿中排出，因虫种而异；尾蚴的尾部分叉，在水中经皮肤侵入缩主；生活史中无雷蚴和囊蚴阶段。兹以日本血吸虫为例，作较详细叙述，并扼要介绍曼氏血吸虫和埃及血吸虫。

What is schistosome?

Schistosome is also called schistosoma. There are quite a lot kinds of schistosomes paratisizing in human bodies. The three main species of schistosome are: s. japonicum, s. mansoni and s. haematobium. Besides, there are reports of other trematode worms found in human bodies in some areas, like s.intercalatum, s.mekongi and s. malayensis.

Schistosomes that paratisizing in humans differ greatly from other distomas in the aspects of pattern, physiology and life history, etc. For example, schistosome is gonochorism; and the imago paratisizes in mesentery vein or bladder veniplex; the ovums are discharged from dung or urine, which differs from the species of schistosome. Another example is cercaria, whose tail part is diverged. It is liberated from the snail burrow into skin and transforms without redia and brood capsule stage in life history. Herewith we would take s. japonicum as an example, narrate it in detail, and introduce s. mansoni and s. haematobium briefly.

流产之后的保养

手术後你至少应该拿到四钟口服药。
　　一是TYLENOL，这是止痛药。手术之後你可能会感觉痉挛性疼痛，和痛经的感觉非常想像，如果比较厉害的话，服这种药；
　　二是antibiotics（抗生素），这是防止感染的，前面提到过；
　　三是Gravol，这是因为术後某些人会有呕吐现象，如果感觉恶心，头晕，可以服这种药，这种药不需医生处方，也很便宜，建议你也买了备用；
　　四是birthcontrolpills（避孕药），术後很快就应该服，因为这主要是调节荷尔蒙，刺激卵巢，促进卵巢持续排卵，这样大约一个月的时间你可以恢复正常的月经。但是要注意，因为避孕药是和抗生素同时服用，避孕药的避孕作用会被抵销，所以术後至少两个星期不可性交。在诊所你可能会听说有人术後马上又怀孕的，真是不走运，或者她性要求也太多了点儿。

Maintenance After Miscarriage

You should at least get four kinds of internal medicine after operation.

First is the TYLENOL, the pain-killer. After the operation you may feel convulsive pain, which is very similar to dysmenorrhea. This medicine is to be taken when the pain increases.

Second is the antibiotics, which is anti-infected and metioned above.

Third, you may take Gravol for symptoms like disgusting, nausea, or dizzy. This medicine is OTC and inexpensive. You can buy it and as a spare medicine.

The last one is birthcontrolpills. You should take it soon after the operation because it is a hormone regulator, which could promote ovulation and emmenia so that you can back to normal emmenia in about one month. However, you should note that birthcontrolpills and antibiotics are taken at the same time so that birthcontrolpills’ contraception effect could be counteracted. Thus, you should avoid sexual intercourse for at least two weeks after operation. In clinic you may hear that someone is pregnant soon after the operation. That is so unlucky! Or she may ask too much sex.