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什么是血吸虫

血吸虫也称裂体吸虫（schistosoma）。寄生于人体的血吸虫种类较多，主要有三种，即日本血吸虫（s．japonicum）、曼氏血吸虫（s．mansoni）和埃及血吸虫（s．haematobium）。此外，在某些局部地区尚有间插血吸虫（s．intercalatum），湄公血吸虫（s．mekongi）和马来血吸虫（s．malayensis）寄生在人体的病例报告。

寄生于人体的血吸虫在形态、生理和生活史等方面，有许多不同于其它人体寄生吸虫，如血吸虫系雌雄异体；成虫在肠系膜静脉或膀胱静脉丛寄生，虫卵从粪或尿中排出，因虫种而异；尾蚴的尾部分叉，在水中经皮肤侵入缩主；生活史中无雷蚴和囊蚴阶段。兹以日本血吸虫为例，作较详细叙述，并扼要介绍曼氏血吸虫和埃及血吸虫。

What is schistosome?

Schistosome is also called schistosoma. There are quite a lot kinds of schistosomes paratisizing in human bodies. The three main species of schistosome are: s. japonicum, s. mansoni and s. haematobium. Besides, there are reports of other trematode worms found in human bodies in some areas, like s.intercalatum, s.mekongi and s. malayensis.

Schistosomes that paratisizing in humans differ greatly from other distomas in the aspects of pattern, physiology and life history, etc. For example, schistosome is gonochorism; and the imago paratisizes in mesentery vein or bladder veniplex; the ovums are discharged from dung or urine, which differs from the species of schistosome. Another example is cercaria, whose tail part is diverged. It is liberated from the snail burrow into skin and transforms without redia and brood capsule stage in life history. Herewith we would take s. japonicum as an example, narrate it in detail, and introduce s. mansoni and s. haematobium briefly.