By Tim Mullaney,
USA
http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/story/2012-01-02/women-men-jobs/52342710/1
Men are claiming more than two-thirds of the private-sector jobs created as the economy recovers, reversing a long-running trend that came within a whisker of giving the USA its first-ever majority-female workforce.
More men are grabbing jobs as the economy recovers经济复苏，男性求职者大举抢占职位。图片来源：Thinkstock
In a wrinkle that puzzles economists, one important driver of the trend is that hundreds of thousands of men are showing up in the once mostly female world of retailing.
Nearly 1.28 million men gained jobs in the 12 months that ended in November, compared with 600,000 women, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Though men have returned to work in greater numbers in goods-producing jobs and service-related businesses, they're not returning to still-stagnant construction industries.
Instead, retailers have added 216,900 men — about five times as many as have been added by traditionally male financial services companies — vs. about 9,000 women. Also, manufacturers have added more than 250,000 men and cut 33,000 women.
"It's a testament to how difficult the job market is," said Moody's Analytics economist Ryan Sweet, noting that there are still 4.5 times more unemployed people than U.S. job openings. "Men are taking jobs you wouldn't think they would."
Women's share of
BLS economist Marcy Jacobs said the agency hasn't studied why new jobs are skewing male, but a leader of a research group on working families said the shift is a pendulum swing after men took the brunt early in the recession.
"Education and health care jobs are now getting cut, and those are the jobs that have traditionally employed females," said Stephanie Coontz, co-chair of the Council on Contemporary Families.
The most important factor pushing men into new fields may be the looming expiration of unemployment benefits, Sweet said.
"They decide, do you drop out of the labor force or take anything you can?" he said.
男人帮进军传统女性行业
翻译：Cathy
随着经济复苏，私营公司陆续推出新的就业职位，而其中三分之二的职位据称被男性求职者夺得，一些长期以来几乎被女性占据的行业如今也开始被男性攻占。而当前就业市场其中一个重要趋势是，大量男性雇员出现在曾经是女人天下的零售业里，这令经济学家们感到困惑有点摸不着头脑。美国劳工统计局(BLS)的数据显示，截至去年11月份，将近128万的男性求职者在过去的12个月里找到了工作，而找到工作的女性求职者却仅有60万。男性求职者更多地选择进入产品制造行业以及服务相关行业，而不是依旧不景气的建筑业。
与倍受冷遇的建筑业形成鲜明对比的是受到热捧的零售业。零售企业新招聘的员工里，女性员工人数仅为9000，男性员工却多达216900人，该数目是传统男性行业——金融服务业的新员工数的5倍。此外，制造业企业也新增加了25万名男性员工以及3.3万名女性员工。
经济学家兼穆迪评级机构分析员Ryan Sweet说：“这说明就业市场的竞争之激烈。”他解释道，失业人数比职位空缺数目要多4.5倍。“就连那些被认为男性不会从事的工作，男性求职者如今也都不放过。”
2009年10月份正值建筑业与金融服务业的裁员高峰期，美国劳工统计局提供的数据显示，当时女性员工在整体就业市场中所占的比例升至49.99%，而男性员工的比例则下降至49.4%。
美国劳工统计局经济学家Marcy Jacobs表示，劳工统计局并未深入研究新增工作岗位多数流向男性求职者的原因；而现代家庭学会——一家以工薪家庭为对象的调查机构——的副会长Stephanie Coontz则认为，男性早于女性受到经济危机的冲击，所以他们自然会早于女性回归就业市场。Stephanie Coontz说：“以女性员工为主的教育及卫生保健行业较晚受经济危机的冲击，这两个行业的裁员潮至今仍未停歇。”
穆迪评级机构分析员Ryan Sweet表示，将男性求职者推向非传统男性行业的最重要原因是他们即将失去领取失业救济金的资格。他说：“他们必须在‘吃西北风’和‘什么工作都干’之间作出选择。”
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