法庭翻译的高要求详析
法庭翻译的高要求是众所周知的，在法庭翻译的上面要有一个严格的要求。
法庭翻译（court interpreting）一般是指在民事或刑事诉讼过程中，当事人或证人由于不通晓当地（国）的通用/官方语言造成理解和表达上的困难时所得到的翻译服务。从事这一翻译工作的人被称为法庭译员。法庭口译主要分为同声传译（simultaneous interpreting）、交替传译（consecutive interpreting）和视译（sight interpreting）三种。同声传译是指讲话人讲话的同时，拖后几个词开始口译，这种方法对口译人员的要求较高。同声传译在美国、香港地区等是法庭口译的主要形式，但在大陆这种方式几乎没有采用。一是同传需要专用设备，而法院基本没有；二是同传对译员要求太高，而我国能做同传的法庭口译员非常缺乏。
视译可以说是一种口译和笔译的混合体，因此既可以叫做视觉翻译（sight translation），也可以叫做视觉口译（sight interpreting）。 视觉口译的材料往往不会在庭审前给译员，所以需要译员当场口译，材料难度大（如判决书，证词等），时间紧迫，对译员的语言能力、法律知识和心里素质都是一种考验。
法庭翻译是“透明”的，无论在任何一个场合，都应当自己不存在，所说的话只会根据讲者的意思而说，第一人称是给证人专有，译员就是证人的喉舌。证人说“我想喝水”，译员在翻译的时候就要说“I need water”，当真正要提及自己时，才用第三人称说：May the interpreter have some water? 同理，法庭翻译不能美化证人的言辞，要如实传达证人表达的意思，哪怕证人骂脏话，也不能在翻译中用委婉语代替。
加州法庭专职翻译员Fenella说：“其实在庭上，法官会吩咐当事人说一句，停一阵，然后我就传译一句，是慢节奏的，宁愿冗长，也不要在传译过程中出错而影响证供的準确性。”每次在庭上开工，Fenella要一边用笔记录重点，一边又要用耳朵来接收对方的讯息，然后用脑来分析对方所说的意思再传译，耳、手、脑、口同时并用，怪不得她说每次出庭后她的脑都特别疲倦，而每次出庭前一晚，她更要确保睡眠充足。
做法庭传译最难的是什么？Fenella说：“最难的情况是遇上有些当事人不能清楚地表达意思，然后我就要问来问去，直到问到清楚为止，尤其遇上pronoun(代名词)的句子，因为中文文法没有pronoun，只会用个‘他’字来表达，但每说一个‘他’可能是代表不同的人物，遇上这些情况就会要求当事人说清楚每个‘他’是代表什么。还有，遇上一些问题好像是很简单，但其实背后是隐藏另一深层的意思，做传译的就要很小心地解释出来。
例如曾遇上一宗商业欺诈案，律师问那个被告人：“Can you use the computer?”这条问题其实是有两层意思的：一.你懂不懂用电脑？二.在公司内，你准不准用电脑？如果不了解这个问题的真正意思而回答“是!”，后果就可大可小，所以我便要追问律师这个问题的真正意思。 上海朗帝翻译公司 http://www.fanyigongsi2.cn
Posted at 10:46AM Jul 13, 2011 by fanyigse in 每日记事 | 评论[1]
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发表于 smudged 在 2011年10月24日, 05:54 PM CST #