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应用程序向导
In the previous four modules, you learned to create, debug and deploy a Flex application. In this module, you'll learn how to change the appearance of the application using styling and skinning. With styling, you set component styles inline in MXML or preferably in a style sheet, using selectors. Each component has a limited number of styles defined for it. If you want to change the appearance of a component more drastically than possible with component styles, you need to create or edit the associated component skin, the file specifying what the component should look like. By following the steps below, you'll learn to create a style sheet and to find style rules that you apply to your application. You'll start by creating a style sheet and defining global styles for the application. To do this, you'll need to be in design view, and then select the appearance panel. With the appearance panel selected, you can make changes to the global application styles, such as the font, the text size and then colors used in the application. You'll need to make changes to the chrome color, the selection color, the rollover color and the focus color for the application. Whilst you've been making changes to the global application styles, Flash Builder has created a new TestDrive.css file and referenced it from your application MXML file. You should open up the TestDrive.css file in the Package Explorer to see the code that Flash Builder has written for you. In addition to specifying global application styles, you can also define styles for types of component or individual instances of a component. In this application, we want to change the value for the corner radius of all the buttons. To do this, you'll return to design view and select a button on the design surface. With the button selected, you'll use the properties view to specify the corner radius value. This change will only affect the currently selected button. You'll then need to use the convert to CSS button and in the dialog, select the selector type and specific component. With this applied, Flash Builder will create a new style property in the CSS file that specifies the corner radius for all buttons in the application. Back in design view, you can see the change has been made, and all buttons now have a corner radius of the value 5. To specify additional style properties for the button component, you'll return to the CSS file and make changes to the CSS selector for the button. Here you'll specify the font weight and also the color of the text for the button. After making changes in the CSS file for your application, you'll need to save the file before the changes will show up in Flash Builder's design view. You've now seen how to define global and type CSS styles for your application. By completing the tutorial, you'll also learn about class, pseudo and ID selectors that you can apply to components. In the next tutorial, you'll learn how to change the appearance of a component more drastically by extending a default component skin and adding additional components to it.
hefengrock 发布在 翻译例文 | 发布时间: 01:13PM Sep 01, 2010 | 评论[1]
有关肝纤维化
Liver fibrosis is a consequence of chronic hepatitis and involves the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, particularly collagen. Hydroxyproline is an essential component of collagen. The amount of collagen can be estimated by determining the content of hydroxyproline and can be used to reflect the extent of fibrosis.
肝纤维化是由慢性肝炎发展而来的，并且与异常的细胞外基质蛋白，尤其是胶原的积累有关。羟脯氨酸是胶原的主要成分，它的含量可以用来估计胶原的含量，因而可以用来反映肝纤维化的程度。
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions and H2O2, are produced throughout cells during normal aerobic metabolism.The intracellular concentration of ROS is a consequence of both their production and their removal by various antioxidants. A major component of the antioxidant system in mammaliancells consists of three enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
在细胞的正常有氧代谢中会产生活性氧簇（ROS），例如超氧负离子和过氧化氢（H2O2）。细胞内活性氧簇的浓度是由它们的产物以及抗氧化剂的去除作用共同决定的。哺乳动物细胞中的抗氧化系统主要是由三种酶组成的，分别是超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT）以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）。
The antioxidant enzyme system plays an important role in the defence of cells against oxidative insults. These enzymes work in concert to detoxify superoxide anion and H2O
抗氧化酶系统在细胞的抗氧化损伤中起着至关重要的作用。这些酶协同作用，共同抵御超氧负离子与过氧化氢对细胞的毒害作用。活性氧簇被认为介导了肝细胞损伤与肝纤维化。由CCL4导致的肝毒性，其可能的机制牵扯到了CCL4产生活性自由基的生物效应上来。当肝脏处于过量的碳中心三氯甲基毒性环境中时，黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性随着细胞损伤的发展而升高，而该酶可以产生超氧负离子和过氧化氢。另外，许多研究指出由CCL4诱导的活性氧簇在星状细胞中也会产生。
Therefore, reducing oxidative stress may be an effective therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating hepatic fibrosis.
因此，减少氧化应激可能是预防和治疗肝纤维化的一条有效治疗途径。
hefengrock 发布在 翻译例文 | 发布时间: 08:42AM Jul 29, 2010 | 评论[0]