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Friday Mar 23, 2007
时事阅读词汇总结——学校教育
adolescent rebellion 青少年反抗情绪 all-round development 全面发展 appraisal 鉴定 auditory 听觉的 bilingual education 双语教育 career education 职业教育 certificate of merit 奖状 cognitive input 认知输入 cognitive operation 认知活动 comment, remark 评语 compulsion 强迫 conventional thinking 传统思维 corporal punishment 体罚 credit 学分 credit system 学分制 critical thinking 批判性思维 curriculum development 课程发展 data analysis 数据分析 deduction 推理 degree program 学历课程 delinquent behavior 不良行为 divergent thinking 发散性思维 dropout 辍学者 educate the person as well as impart book knowledge 教书育人 educational statistics 教育统计 elicitation 诱导,启发 environmental sanitation环境卫生 evaluation 评价 food allowance 伙食津贴 formal education 正规教育 grading system 评分制度 graduation filed practice 毕业实习 graduation project毕业设计 healthy personality 健康人格 humanities 人文学科 hygiene卫生 hypothesis 假设 independent thinking 独立思考 induction归纳 instruction, education 教育 intelligence quotient智商 juvenile delinquency 少年犯罪 knowledge and cognition 知识与认知 liberal arts course 通才课程 matriculation 入学注册,录取入学 mental growth 智力发展 monograph, treatise 专题论文 monographic study 专题研究 moral, intellectual, physical, esthetic and labor panel discussion 有一组专家主持的会议 peer pressure同伴压力 pop quiz突击测验 prenatal education 胎教 primary education 初等教育 quality education 素质教育 random随意的 reliability 可靠性 repeater留级生 resource teacher training program骨干老师培训项目 secondary education 中等教育 self-image 自我形象 seminar研讨 sequential 有序的 stipend, subsidy助学金 symposium 专题研讨会 tuition(fee)学费 school year学年 standardized test 标准考试 term, semester 学期 tutoring辅导 universal education 全民(普及)教育 validity效度 voluntary labor 义务劳动 workshop 计论活动 时事阅读词汇总结——国际关系 all countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小,应该一律平等. an established principle of international law 国际法准则 apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离 arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商 asylum 庇护,避难 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作 bilateral trade 双边贸易 breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度 boundary negotiation边界谈判 country of one’s residence 侨居国 complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器 colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义 consultations 磋商 dependency附庸国 developing countries发展中国家 develop relations of peace and friendship, develop the national economy 发展民族经济 disputed areas 有争议的地区 dual nationality 双重国籍 ecocide生态灭绝 establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系 exchange needed goods 互通有无 exclusive economic zone 专属经济区 extradition 引渡 fishery resources 渔业资源 friendly exchanges 友好往来 frontier region, border region 边界地区 fundamental rights 基本权利 generally-accepted principles of genocide种族灭绝 imperialism帝国主义 inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性 in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况 international situation 国际形势 international waters 国际水域 joint action 共同行动 limits of territorial sea 领海范围 maintain neutrality保持中立 make up for each other’s deficiencies取长补短 maritime resources 海洋资源 merger of states 国家合并 mutual understanding and mutual national boundary国界 Near East近东 negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判 neutral state, neutral country 中立国 neutralized state 永久中立国 never to attach any conditions不附带任何条件 non-aligned countries不结盟国家 normalization of relations 关系正常化 outer space 外层空间 patrimonial sea承袭海 peddle munitions 贩卖军火 people-to-people contacts and exchanges人民之间的联系和交流 plebiscite公民投票 political fugitive政治逃犯 political offender政治犯 protectorate（被）保护国 reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担 refugee camp 难展营 right of residence 居留权 rudimentary code of international relations sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯 safeguard national sovereignty and national safeguard world peace维护世界和平 seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决 sole legal government 惟一合法政府 solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端 sovereign state主权国家 status quo of the boundary边界现状 suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国 suzerainty 宗主权 take concerted steps 采取协调行 territorial air 领空 territorial contiguity 领空毗连 territorial sea领海 territorial waters 领水 territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权 territorial integrity 领土完整 the third world第三世界 trusteeship 托管制度 200-nautical mile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权 undertake obligations in respect of the Zionism犹太复国主义 xiaoxiao123 发布在 翻译例文 | 发布时间: 01:15PM Mar 23, 2007 | 评论[1]
Thursday Mar 22, 2007
长句分译理论与技巧
一、内容复杂要分译 有些汉语特色句如流水句，叙事句，描写句都可能很长。汉译英时要把汉语的连锁说明分译成不同的句子，汉语觉得断了气，可英语句子容纳不了那么多信息，必须分句。 原文：任何工作任务，如果没有一般的普遍的号召，就不能动员广大群众行动起来。但如果只限于一般号召，而领导人员没有具体地直接地从基于组织上所号召的工作深入浅出实施，突破一点，取得经验，然后利用这种经验去指导其他单位，就无法考验自己提出的一般号召是否正确，也无法充实一般号召的内容，就有使一般号召归于落空的危险。（毛泽东，《关于领导方法的若干问题》） 译文：In any task, if no general and widespread call is issued, the broad masses cannot be mobilized for action. But if persons in leading positions confine themselves to a general call--if they do not personally, in some of the organization,go deeply and concretely into the work called for, make a break-through at some single point, gain experience and use this experience and use this experience for guiding other units--then they will have no way of testing the correctness or of enriching the content of their general call, and there is the danger that nothing may come of it.(Mao Zedong,"Some Questions Concerning Methods of Leadership") 分析：这句80个词，太长。 从汉语来讲，有些句子长，内容十分复杂，译不成一个英语句子，从英语句子结构上来说不允许，必须分译为几句。如： 原文：我党在“三反”中基本上解决了中央、大行政区、省市和专区四级许多工作人员中的贪污和浪费两个问题，也基本上解决了许多领导者被领导的机关人员相脱离的这一部分官僚主义的问题；但对于不了解人民群众的痛苦，不了解离开自己工作机关稍远一点的下情，不了解县区乡三级干部中存在着许多命令主义和违法乱纪的坏人坏事，或者虽然对于这些坏人坏事有一些了解，但是熟视无睹，不引起义愤，不感觉问题严重，因而不采取积极办法去支持好人，惩治坏人，发扬好事，消灭坏事，这样一方面的官僚主义，则在许多地区、许多方面和许多部门，还是基本上没有解决。（《毛泽东选集》第5卷第72页） 译文：①In teh movement against the "three evils", our Party has basically solved the two problems of corruption and waste among many of our cadres at four levels, the central, the greater administrative area, the provincial and municipal, and the prefectural. ② It has also basically overcome one kind of bureaucracy, namely, that which alienates many leading cadres from those working under them. ③But the problem of the following kind of bureaucracy has not been basically solved in many areas, departments and fields of work. ④Some leading cadres are ignorant of people's hardships, of the conditions in suboradinate units only a short distance from their offices, and of the fact that among the cadres at the county, district and township levels there are many bad people guilty of commandism and violations of the law and of discipline. ⑤Or they may have some knowledge of such bad people and bad deeds, but turn a blind eye to them, feel no indignation, are not aware of the seriousness of the matter and so take no positive measure to back up good people and punish the bad or to encourage good deeds and stop bad ones. 说明：中文句子长达200多字，英译文分成5句，清楚多了。把从“这样一方面的官僚主义”起到句末提到前面，中英文顺序不同。 二、分译技巧 单其昌先生在《汉英翻译技巧》中说的断名技巧是：在一个句子里实际不止包含一个意思，而是包含两个或两个以上的意思，如果这样的句子直译成一个英语句子，则使得一个英语句子不止包含一个意思，这样从英文角度来讲，就显得句子意思不明确。因此，最好还是分成两句或几句来译。 综合各家论述，以及翻译实例，长句分译问题可从下列几个方面来考虑。 1、转折复句 在说话的语气上有转折，如前一半是叙述，后一半疑问、反问或感叹。 原文：让那些内外反动派在我们面前发拦罢，让他们去说我们这也不行那也不行罢，中国人民的不屈不挠的努力必将稳步地到达自己的目的。（《毛泽东选集》第5卷第6页） 译文：Let the domestic and foreign reactionaries trembel before us!Let them say we are no good at this and no good at that.By our own indomitable effort we the Chinese people will unswervingly reach our goal. 说明：此句分译为三句。第一句用了惊吧句，目的是为了加强语气。这是为了强调而断句的例子。 2、总分复句 先总后分：前一部分是概括性的话，后一部分是详细说明。 先分后总： 原文：灾难深重的中华民族，一百年来，其优秀人物奋斗牺牲，前赴后继，摸索救国救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。 译文：For a hundred years, the finest sons and daughters of the disaster-ridden Chinese nation fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into the breach as another fell, in quest of the truth that would save the country and the people. This moved us to song and tears. 3、述评句 先叙述后评论，或下结论。这种句子较长，可以把后边的评论或结论分译出来。 4、“即”字句 原文：请就你们现正召开的各省负责同志会议中征询关于对待富农策略问题的意见电告我们，即是说在今冬开始的南方几省及西北某些地区的土地改革运动中，不但不动资本主义富农，而且不动半封建富农，待到几年之后再去解决半封建富农问题。（《毛泽东选集》第5卷第13页） 译文：At your current meeting of leading provincial comrades please gather opinions on the tactics for dealing with the rich peasants and telegraph these opinions to us. The tactics in question are to leave untouched not only the capitalist rich peasants but also the semi-feudal ones in the agrarian reform scheduled for this winter in southern provinces and some regions in the Northwest and to defer the solution of the problem of the semi-feudal rich peasants for several years. 说明：按中文自然段落，英译文从“即”字起拆为两句，第二句开始把“策略”重复一下，和前句挂上。不拆句，英文就是把“意见电告我们”放在句末，中间“肚子”太长，句子臃肿，影响读者清晰地理解原意。 总之，翻译长句时，要注意句子各部分之间的逻辑关系，很好安排句子结构。为了帮助读者更好地理解，在符合中文句子原意的前提下，译文可以适当断句，但断句不能随随便便，要考虑到前后联系和整句的思想内容。 5、短句分译 有些中文句子不太长，但其结构松散，在一个句子里实际上不止包含一个意思，而是包含两个或两个以上的意思，或在说话语气上转折，或前一部分概括，后一部分详细说明，或前一部分详细介绍，后一部分是评论或结论，或前一部分介绍一方面，后一部分介绍另一方面的情况。如果这样的句子直译成一个英语句子，就显得句子不明确。因此，最好还是分成两句或几句来译。如： 原文：许多人说他是笨蛋，但果真如此吗？ 译文：Many people say he is an ass. But is that so? 原文：但是他不同，他是一个书呆子。 译文：But he is different. He is a bookworm instead. 原文：人类没有食物就不能生存，因此需要有农民。 译文：Human beings cannot live without food. Hence they need peasants. (摘自《汉译英基础教程》马秉义) xiaoxiao123 发布在 翻译例文 | 发布时间: 12:11PM Mar 22, 2007 | |