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Monday Mar 26, 2007
汉语意合与英语形合
英语句子结构特点:主谓搭架,枝叶上挂,叠床架屋,都有语法。这是说英语是形合(hypotaxis)的语言,结构严谨。汉语句子结构特点:话题说明,叙述分层,可断可续,意尽为界。这是说汉语是意合(parataxis)的语言,结构松散,形散而神聚,用词简洁。因此,英译汉的技巧是:形合变意合,显性变隐性,去掉关联词语。汉译英的技巧是:意合变形合,隐性变显性,增加关联词语。 原文:我们还在一切老解放区大大地推广了农业生产互助的组织,并且着手组织半社会主义的农业生产合作社,取得了一些经验。(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第184页) 译文:...we greatly extended the organization of agricultural producers' mutaul-aid teams in all the old liberated areas, where we also began to form semi-socialist agricultural producer's co-operatives and gained some experience. 说明:“取得了一些经验”指什么经验?是指互助组,还是指合作社,还是两者都在内?从上下文看,讲的是合作社。英译文用where与前半隔开,意思更为清楚。 (3)从逻辑关系理解 原文:人们对事物的运动观察得不合实际状况,时间还没有到,他过头了。就叫“左”倾,不及,就叫右倾。(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第214页) 译文:If the observation you make of the movement of things does not agree with reality, it is a "Left" deviation if your judgment is premature, and it is a Ringht deviation if your judgment lags behind. 说明:这句是总说与分说的关系,对运动观察不合实际善是总过,“过头”与“不及”是分说,或者一因二果,都是观察不符合客观实际的结果。 (4)从意义理解 原文:它将联合一切爱好和平自由的国家、民族和人民、首先是联合苏联和各新民主国家,以为自己的盟友。(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第9页) 译文:It will unite and ally itself with all peace-loving and freedom-loving countries, nations and peoples, and first of all with the Soviet Union and the New Democracies... 说明:中文“盟友”是指全体,还是限于苏联和各新民主国家和人民?不论从意义或从中文句子结构看,盟友都应包括全体在内。
(1)汉语叙事句一边串的短句,要用连词连起来。 原文:在一千三百年前,已经发明了刻版印刷。在八百年前又发明了活字印刷。 译文:Block-printing was invented 1,300 years ago, and movable type 800 years age. 说明:二句合为一句。 (2)使用分词 原文:三个人缓步而行。他们都在四五十风的样子,每个人摇着一把白纸扇。 译文1:There came three men. They advanced slowly. All of them were forty to fifty years old and each of them carried a white paper fan with them. 译文2:Fanning themselves with white paper fans, three men advanced slowly, all some forty to fifty years old. 说明:译文2译为1句,主从关系一目了然。 (3)使用名词短语作主语 汉语含时间、条件、原因状语的句子常可译为主语,用名词、动作名词、动名词等表示。 原文:再坐一小时的车,就可以到那个村了。 译文:Another hour's ride will bring us to the village. 原文:听了这消息,我就放心了。 译文:The news assured me. 原文:有了现代化的飞机,世界似乎小多了。 译文:Fast weather prevented us from going. 原文:天气太坏,我们无法动身。 译文:Bad weather prevented us from going. 原文:你好好比较一下,就可以发现他们的不同。 译文:Careful comparison of them will show you the difference. (4)使用定语 原文:马圈里,拴着三匹马,正在嚼草料。牲口都是养得肥肥壮壮的。(周立波《暴风骤雨》) 译文:In the stable three strong and fat horses were eating mash. 说明:汉语后一句修饰前一句中某个成分,译为英语后可把句变为定语。 (5)使用标点 原文:他们在社会上不要中间势力,在党内不允许人家改正错误,不准革命。 译文:In society the dogmatists rejected the middle forces and inside the Party they did not allow people to correct their mistakes; they barred both from the revolution. 说明:如照中文顺序译下来,“不准革命”很可能理解为指党内,但这里应该包括党内外,将第二个逗号改为分号,第三句把前两句都包括了。 原文:It is true that some ads are quite harmful and misleading. The only thing concerned is money. 修改:It is true that some ads are harmful and misleading; the only important thing is money. 说明:原文中的两句可用分号加以合并,应当避免过多简单句的排列。 原文:First, as our society advances, our demands have become more and more diversified. But our leisure time is becoming more and more limited. 修改:The first reason is that, as our society advances, our demands have become more and more diversified, but our leisure time is becoming more and more limited. 说明:为了使行文转折自然可考虑改为:The first reason is that...;此外,原文中的两句可合为一句,表达将更清晰精炼:“...our demands have become more and more diversified, but our leisure time is becoming....”。 (6)句子改为副词性短语 原文:What's more, nobody can serve you at the moment. 修改:Any way, nobody can serve you at the moment. 说明:What's more不用于口语,只用于正式的书面语体或学术会议报告。 原文:One day, it was our birthday.... 修改:One day, on our birthday... 原文:It was October 1, I traveled with my classmates. 修改:On October first, I traveled with my classmates.或....I took a trip with my classmates. (摘自《汉译英基础教程》马秉义) xiaoxiao123 发布在 每日记事 | 发布时间: 02:36PM Mar 26, 2007 | 评论[141]
Friday Mar 23, 2007
时事阅读词汇总结——学校教育
adolescent rebellion 青少年反抗情绪 all-round development 全面发展 appraisal 鉴定 auditory 听觉的 bilingual education 双语教育 career education 职业教育 certificate of merit 奖状 cognitive input 认知输入 cognitive operation 认知活动 comment, remark 评语 compulsion 强迫 conventional thinking 传统思维 corporal punishment 体罚 credit 学分 credit system 学分制 critical thinking 批判性思维 curriculum development 课程发展 data analysis 数据分析 deduction 推理 degree program 学历课程 delinquent behavior 不良行为 divergent thinking 发散性思维 dropout 辍学者 educate the person as well as impart book knowledge 教书育人 educational statistics 教育统计 elicitation 诱导,启发 environmental sanitation环境卫生 evaluation 评价 food allowance 伙食津贴 formal education 正规教育 grading system 评分制度 graduation filed practice 毕业实习 graduation project毕业设计 healthy personality 健康人格 humanities 人文学科 hygiene卫生 hypothesis 假设 independent thinking 独立思考 induction归纳 instruction, education 教育 intelligence quotient智商 juvenile delinquency 少年犯罪 knowledge and cognition 知识与认知 liberal arts course 通才课程 matriculation 入学注册,录取入学 mental growth 智力发展 monograph, treatise 专题论文 monographic study 专题研究 moral, intellectual, physical, esthetic and labor panel discussion 有一组专家主持的会议 peer pressure同伴压力 pop quiz突击测验 prenatal education 胎教 primary education 初等教育 quality education 素质教育 random随意的 reliability 可靠性 repeater留级生 resource teacher training program骨干老师培训项目 secondary education 中等教育 self-image 自我形象 seminar研讨 sequential 有序的 stipend, subsidy助学金 symposium 专题研讨会 tuition(fee)学费 school year学年 standardized test 标准考试 term, semester 学期 tutoring辅导 universal education 全民(普及)教育 validity效度 voluntary labor 义务劳动 workshop 计论活动 时事阅读词汇总结——国际关系 all countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小,应该一律平等. an established principle of international law 国际法准则 apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离 arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商 asylum 庇护,避难 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作 bilateral trade 双边贸易 breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度 boundary negotiation边界谈判 country of one’s residence 侨居国 complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器 colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义 consultations 磋商 dependency附庸国 developing countries发展中国家 develop relations of peace and friendship, develop the national economy 发展民族经济 disputed areas 有争议的地区 dual nationality 双重国籍 ecocide生态灭绝 establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系 exchange needed goods 互通有无 exclusive economic zone 专属经济区 extradition 引渡 fishery resources 渔业资源 friendly exchanges 友好往来 frontier region, border region 边界地区 fundamental rights 基本权利 generally-accepted principles of genocide种族灭绝 imperialism帝国主义 inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性 in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况 international situation 国际形势 international waters 国际水域 joint action 共同行动 limits of territorial sea 领海范围 maintain neutrality保持中立 make up for each other’s deficiencies取长补短 maritime resources 海洋资源 merger of states 国家合并 mutual understanding and mutual national boundary国界 Near East近东 negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判 neutral state, neutral country 中立国 neutralized state 永久中立国 never to attach any conditions不附带任何条件 non-aligned countries不结盟国家 normalization of relations 关系正常化 outer space 外层空间 patrimonial sea承袭海 peddle munitions 贩卖军火 people-to-people contacts and exchanges人民之间的联系和交流 plebiscite公民投票 political fugitive政治逃犯 political offender政治犯 protectorate(被)保护国 reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担 refugee camp 难展营 right of residence 居留权 rudimentary code of international relations sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯 safeguard national sovereignty and national safeguard world peace维护世界和平 seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决 sole legal government 惟一合法政府 solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端 sovereign state主权国家 status quo of the boundary边界现状 suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国 suzerainty 宗主权 take concerted steps 采取协调行 territorial air 领空 territorial contiguity 领空毗连 territorial sea领海 territorial waters 领水 territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权 territorial integrity 领土完整 the third world第三世界 trusteeship 托管制度 200-nautical mile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权 undertake obligations in respect of the Zionism犹太复国主义 xiaoxiao123 发布在 翻译例文 | 发布时间: 01:15PM Mar 23, 2007 | 评论[1]
Thursday Mar 22, 2007
长句分译理论与技巧
一、内容复杂要分译 有些汉语特色句如流水句,叙事句,描写句都可能很长。汉译英时要把汉语的连锁说明分译成不同的句子,汉语觉得断了气,可英语句子容纳不了那么多信息,必须分句。 原文:任何工作任务,如果没有一般的普遍的号召,就不能动员广大群众行动起来。但如果只限于一般号召,而领导人员没有具体地直接地从基于组织上所号召的工作深入浅出实施,突破一点,取得经验,然后利用这种经验去指导其他单位,就无法考验自己提出的一般号召是否正确,也无法充实一般号召的内容,就有使一般号召归于落空的危险。(毛泽东,《关于领导方法的若干问题》) 译文:In any task, if no general and widespread call is issued, the broad masses cannot be mobilized for action. But if persons in leading positions confine themselves to a general call--if they do not personally, in some of the organization,go deeply and concretely into the work called for, make a break-through at some single point, gain experience and use this experience and use this experience for guiding other units--then they will have no way of testing the correctness or of enriching the content of their general call, and there is the danger that nothing may come of it.(Mao Zedong,"Some Questions Concerning Methods of Leadership") 分析:这句80个词,太长。 从汉语来讲,有些句子长,内容十分复杂,译不成一个英语句子,从英语句子结构上来说不允许,必须分译为几句。如: 原文:我党在“三反”中基本上解决了中央、大行政区、省市和专区四级许多工作人员中的贪污和浪费两个问题,也基本上解决了许多领导者被领导的机关人员相脱离的这一部分官僚主义的问题;但对于不了解人民群众的痛苦,不了解离开自己工作机关稍远一点的下情,不了解县区乡三级干部中存在着许多命令主义和违法乱纪的坏人坏事,或者虽然对于这些坏人坏事有一些了解,但是熟视无睹,不引起义愤,不感觉问题严重,因而不采取积极办法去支持好人,惩治坏人,发扬好事,消灭坏事,这样一方面的官僚主义,则在许多地区、许多方面和许多部门,还是基本上没有解决。(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第72页) 译文:①In teh movement against the "three evils", our Party has basically solved the two problems of corruption and waste among many of our cadres at four levels, the central, the greater administrative area, the provincial and municipal, and the prefectural. ② It has also basically overcome one kind of bureaucracy, namely, that which alienates many leading cadres from those working under them. ③But the problem of the following kind of bureaucracy has not been basically solved in many areas, departments and fields of work. ④Some leading cadres are ignorant of people's hardships, of the conditions in suboradinate units only a short distance from their offices, and of the fact that among the cadres at the county, district and township levels there are many bad people guilty of commandism and violations of the law and of discipline. ⑤Or they may have some knowledge of such bad people and bad deeds, but turn a blind eye to them, feel no indignation, are not aware of the seriousness of the matter and so take no positive measure to back up good people and punish the bad or to encourage good deeds and stop bad ones. 说明:中文句子长达200多字,英译文分成5句,清楚多了。把从“这样一方面的官僚主义”起到句末提到前面,中英文顺序不同。 二、分译技巧 单其昌先生在《汉英翻译技巧》中说的断名技巧是:在一个句子里实际不止包含一个意思,而是包含两个或两个以上的意思,如果这样的句子直译成一个英语句子,则使得一个英语句子不止包含一个意思,这样从英文角度来讲,就显得句子意思不明确。因此,最好还是分成两句或几句来译。 综合各家论述,以及翻译实例,长句分译问题可从下列几个方面来考虑。 1、转折复句 在说话的语气上有转折,如前一半是叙述,后一半疑问、反问或感叹。 原文:让那些内外反动派在我们面前发拦罢,让他们去说我们这也不行那也不行罢,中国人民的不屈不挠的努力必将稳步地到达自己的目的。(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第6页) 译文:Let the domestic and foreign reactionaries trembel before us!Let them say we are no good at this and no good at that.By our own indomitable effort we the Chinese people will unswervingly reach our goal. 说明:此句分译为三句。第一句用了惊吧句,目的是为了加强语气。这是为了强调而断句的例子。 2、总分复句 先总后分:前一部分是概括性的话,后一部分是详细说明。 先分后总: 原文:灾难深重的中华民族,一百年来,其优秀人物奋斗牺牲,前赴后继,摸索救国救民的真理,是可歌可泣的。 译文:For a hundred years, the finest sons and daughters of the disaster-ridden Chinese nation fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into the breach as another fell, in quest of the truth that would save the country and the people. This moved us to song and tears. 3、述评句 先叙述后评论,或下结论。这种句子较长,可以把后边的评论或结论分译出来。 4、“即”字句 原文:请就你们现正召开的各省负责同志会议中征询关于对待富农策略问题的意见电告我们,即是说在今冬开始的南方几省及西北某些地区的土地改革运动中,不但不动资本主义富农,而且不动半封建富农,待到几年之后再去解决半封建富农问题。(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第13页) 译文:At your current meeting of leading provincial comrades please gather opinions on the tactics for dealing with the rich peasants and telegraph these opinions to us. The tactics in question are to leave untouched not only the capitalist rich peasants but also the semi-feudal ones in the agrarian reform scheduled for this winter in southern provinces and some regions in the Northwest and to defer the solution of the problem of the semi-feudal rich peasants for several years. 说明:按中文自然段落,英译文从“即”字起拆为两句,第二句开始把“策略”重复一下,和前句挂上。不拆句,英文就是把“意见电告我们”放在句末,中间“肚子”太长,句子臃肿,影响读者清晰地理解原意。 总之,翻译长句时,要注意句子各部分之间的逻辑关系,很好安排句子结构。为了帮助读者更好地理解,在符合中文句子原意的前提下,译文可以适当断句,但断句不能随随便便,要考虑到前后联系和整句的思想内容。 5、短句分译 有些中文句子不太长,但其结构松散,在一个句子里实际上不止包含一个意思,而是包含两个或两个以上的意思,或在说话语气上转折,或前一部分概括,后一部分详细说明,或前一部分详细介绍,后一部分是评论或结论,或前一部分介绍一方面,后一部分介绍另一方面的情况。如果这样的句子直译成一个英语句子,就显得句子不明确。因此,最好还是分成两句或几句来译。如: 原文:许多人说他是笨蛋,但果真如此吗? 译文:Many people say he is an ass. But is that so? 原文:但是他不同,他是一个书呆子。 译文:But he is different. He is a bookworm instead. 原文:人类没有食物就不能生存,因此需要有农民。 译文:Human beings cannot live without food. Hence they need peasants. (摘自《汉译英基础教程》马秉义) xiaoxiao123 发布在 翻译例文 | 发布时间: 12:11PM Mar 22, 2007 |
Wednesday Mar 21, 2007
汉语扩展句子的方法
一、汉语左展句英译法 刘宓庆先生说汉语句子是句首开放,举例是: 坐,请坐,请上坐。 茶,上茶,上好茶。 他说的是,由“坐”变成了“请坐”,又变成了“请上座”等等,可以在句前加东西,称为句首开放。这确是汉语中的一种扩展句子的方式。我们现在说是的,汉语里有这种连续出现的一句式,有的两句,有的三句。对这种句式的英译法值得研究。 (1)译为同位语 原文:黄的,那是土,未开垦的处女土,几十万年前由伟大的自然力所堆积成的黄土高原的外壳。 译文:Yellow is th soil—the uncultivated virgin soil. It is the outer covering of the loess plateau accumulated by Mother Nature several hundred thousand years ago. 原文:“闭上眼睛捉麻雀”,“瞎子摸鱼”,粗枝大叶,夸夸其谈,满足于一知半解,这种极坏的作风,这种完全违反马克思列宁主义基本精神的作风,还在我党许多同志中继续存在着。(毛泽东,《改造我们的学习》) 译文:To behave like" a blindfolded man catching sparrows", or "a blind man groping for fish", to be crude and careless, to indulge in verbiage, to rest content with a smattering of knowledge—such is the extremely bad style of work that still exists among many comrades in our Party, a style utterly opposed to the fundamental spirits of Marxism-Leninism.(Mao Zedong,"Reform Our Study") 原文:这就是我们的国际主义,这就是我们用以反对狭隘民族主义和狭隘爱国主义的国际主义。(毛泽东,《纪念白求恩》) 译文:This is our internationalism, the internationalism with which we oppose both narow nationalism and narrow patriotism. 分析:第一音句是话题和说明,第二音名是第一音句的扩展。 原文:这对于一班见异思迁的人,对于一班鄙薄技术工作以为不足道,以为无出路的人,也是一个极好的教训。(毛泽东,《纪念白求恩》) 译文:His example is an excellent lesson for those people who wish to change their work the moment they see something different and for those who despise technical work as of no consequence or as promising no future. (2)译为两句 原文:那就是白杨树,西北极普遍的一种树,然而实在不是平凡的一种树! 译文:There are white poplars. Though very common in Northwest China, they are no ordinary trees! 原文:这种人其实不是共产党员,至少不能算一个纯粹的共产党员。(毛泽东,《纪念白求恩》) 译文:In truth such people are not Communists ,or at least cannot be counted as devoted Communists. 分析:第一音句含有话题说明,第二音句与第一音句中的说明并列。 二、汉语连锁说明句英译法 汉语连锁句是话题—说明结构的一种形式,如“东方红,太阳升,中国出了个毛泽东。”“太阳升”是对“东方红”的说明,“中国出了个毛泽东”又是对“东方红,太阳升”的说明。这种句式称为连锁说明。 (1) 可按原文顺序英译:“东方红,太阳升,中国出了个毛泽东。”可以英译为"The east is red. The sun rises. China produces Mao Zedong"这种译文未表达原文所隐含的因果关系。若解释清楚:The east is red, for the sun rises. That is ,China produces Mao Zedong. 连锁说明句多是动词句,叙述一连串的动作,英译时可按原文顺序译。 原文:草扎的刷子装上一个长把,在石灰桶里蘸一蘸,开始他的粉刷。 英译:He tied a long bar to a straw brush and dipped the brush in the lime white. Then he started to whitewash the frescoes. 分析:补上主语,中文三个动作一口气一来,英语也可以一口气下来,即并列用了三个动词。 (2)分出主次 连锁句译成英语更多的是要找出一个主要的,其他为次要的从句或不定式、分词等表示。 原文:听说你明天开张,也许用得着,特意给你送来了。 原译:I hear that you're opening tomorrow.You many have some use for these things, so i took them along. 改译:...thought these might come in handy. so I brought them along. 分析:分译。 三、汉语三个动作的英译法 (1)译为并列句 英语一句话一个动作即三个动词并列,按动作的先后排列。与汉语叙述句同。常用句型:X happens, and Y happens, and then Z happens.这时可按原谅顺序互译。 原文:在利夫顿警察局考利下电话,走出办公室,把警察叫到了一起。 译文:At Lifton police-station Cowley put down the telephone, went out of his office, and called the policeman together. 原文:At home, away from prying eyes, she held it in the light, turned it round and round and scanned the painting from all angles. At night she moved out of bed, lighted a lamp and scanned it again in silence.(English Through Reading, p.63) 译文:到了家里,避开了那些爱管闲事的人,她在灯光下拿着那只水罐转过来转过去,从各个角度仔细地看水罐上的画。到夜里,她又从床上爬起来,点上灯,再次默默地看水罐上的画。 (2)译为复合句 英语一句话表示几个连续动作用复合句较多,常用句型是:When X happens , Y happens, thus/so/there by Z happens.如: 原文:当活塞迅速往上拉时,活塞下面的空气上升,这样就使压力下降。 译文:When the piston is drawn sharply upwards, the air below the piston rises, thus causing the pressure to fall. 原文:多数情况下,这几部分是按自然顺序排列的,有时,也可以颠倒过来,先讲故事的结尾,然后再讲开头和中间。 译文:Most often these parts are arranged in their nature order. On occasion they may be inverted, so that the story opens with the end and then turns back to the beginning and middle. (3)译为简单句 英语表示几个连续动作可以不用动词而用副词或介词,如: The man walked slowly down stairs and out into the garden.第一个状语是slowly down stairs, 第二个状语是out,第三个状语是into the garden. They run down the ramp toward the $2 grandstand entrances, then on to daily-double windows five minutes away from closing.第一个状语是down the ramp, 第二个状语是towards the $ 2 grand-stand entrances.第三个状语是on to daily-double windows five minutes away from closing. 因此,汉语三个动作的英译法,可以根据上下文直译为三个英语并列句,也可以译为主从复合句,或用副词、介词短语表示。 原文:新税制发展下去,势必离开马克思列宁主义,离开党在过渡时期的总路线,向资本主义发展。(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第90页) 译文:That system, if allowed to develop, would hav led inevitable to capitalism, in contravention of Marxism-Leninism and the Party's general line for transition period. 说明:三个动词(离开……离开……向……发展)不应处理为并列关系,因为新税制已经离开马列主义总路线,不用再“发展下去”才算“离开”,所以把两个“离开”放在从属地位是对的。 原文:I opened the letter eagerly, which read... 修改:I opened the letter eagerly and read... 说明:原句无语法错误,却不甚合英语的表达习惯。英语讲究parallel structure,一个主语可连用数个动词谓语,这样语势连贯流畅,如修改句。另外,这里的parallel structure的句子主语管了两个动词,它们的形式应一致。 (摘自《汉译英基础教程》马秉义) xiaoxiao123 发布在 每日记事 | 发布时间: 03:17PM Mar 21, 2007 | 评论[205]
Tuesday Mar 20, 2007
时事阅读词汇总结——国际关系
all countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小,应该一律平等. an established principle of international law 国际法准则 apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离 arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商 asylum 庇护,避难 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作 bilateral trade 双边贸易 breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度 boundary negotiation边界谈判 country of one’s residence 侨居国 complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器 colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义 consultations 磋商 dependency附庸国 developing countries发展中国家 develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系 develop the national economy 发展民族经济 disputed areas 有争议的地区 dual nationality 双重国籍 ecocide生态灭绝 establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系 exchange needed goods 互通有无 exclusive economic zone 专属经济区 extradition 引渡 fishery resources 渔业资源 friendly exchanges 友好往来 frontier region, border region 边界地区 fundamental rights 基本权利 generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则 genocide种族灭绝 imperialism帝国主义 inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性 in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况 international situation 国际形势 international waters 国际水域 joint action 共同行动 limits of territorial sea 领海范围 maintain neutrality保持中立 make up for each other’s deficiencies取长补短 maritime resources 海洋资源 merger of states 国家合并 mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让 national boundary国界 Near East近东 negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判 neutral state, neutral country 中立国 neutralized state 永久中立国 never to attach any conditions不附带任何条件 non-aligned countries不结盟国家 normalization of relations 关系正常化 outer space 外层空间 patrimonial sea承袭海 peddle munitions 贩卖军火 people-to-people contacts and exchanges人民之间的联系和交流 plebiscite公民投票 political fugitive政治逃犯 political offender政治犯 protectorate(被)保护国 reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担 refugee camp 难展营 right of residence 居留权 rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则 sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯 safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源 safeguard world peace维护世界和平 seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决 sole legal government 惟一合法政府 solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端 sovereign state主权国家 status quo of the boundary边界现状 suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国 suzerainty 宗主权 take concerted steps 采取协调行 territorial air 领空 territorial contiguity 领空毗连 territorial sea领海 territorial waters 领水 territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权 territorial integrity 领土完整 the third world第三世界 trusteeship 托管制度 200-nautical mile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权 undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone对无核区承担义务 Zionism犹太复国主义 xiaoxiao123 发布在 每日记事 | 发布时间: 11:40AM Mar 20, 2007 |
Monday Mar 19, 2007
时事阅读词汇总结——航天航空
aeronautics航空学,航空技 access flap 接口盖 aircraft 飞机,航空器 artificial satellite 人造卫星 ascent stage 上升段 asteroid 小行星,海星 astronaut 航天员 astronomer 天文学家 aviation 航空学,航空工业 celestial 天的,天体的 command module 指令舱 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射 cosmic rays 宇宙射线 cosmology 宇宙学 descent stage 下降段 directional antenna 定向天线 emergency oxygen apparatus 应急供氧装置 hatch 舱口 inter-planetary communication 星际交通 landing craft 登陆舱 landing pad 着陆架 launch a satellite 发射卫星 launch pad 发射台 life support system 生命维持系统 lunar module 登月舱 multistage rocket 多级火箭 orbit 轨道 service module 服务舱 solar radiation 太阳辐射 solid-propellant rocket 固体推进剂火箭 spacecraft 航天器 space exploration 外层空间探索 spaceman 宇航员,航天员 space shuttle 航天飞机 space suit 航天服 splash down 溅落 xiaoxiao123 发布在 每日记事 | 发布时间: 03:05PM Mar 19, 2007 |
Friday Mar 16, 2007
时事阅读词汇总结——农业类
agricultural commodities market 农业市场 agricultural products, farm products 农产品 agronomist 农学家 animal husbandry, animal breeding 畜牧业 arable land, tilled land 耕地 cattle farm 奶牛场 collective farm 集体农场 cooperative farm 合作农场 dairy farming 乳品业,乳牛业 dairy industry 乳品加工业 dairy produce, dairy products 乳制品 dry soil 旱田 farm hand 农场短工 farm laborers 农场工人 fertile soil 沃土,肥沃的土壤 fruit grower 果农 fruit growing 果树载培 foodstuffs 食品 irrigable land 水浇地 land reform, agrarian reform 土地改革 lean soil, poor soil 贫瘠土壤 livestock 牲畜 market gardening 商品蔬菜种植业 mechanization of farming 农业机械化 mechanized farming机械化耕作 prairie 大草原 pasture land 牧场 rural population 农村人口 rural exodus农村迁徙 wasteland, barren land 荒地 xiaoxiao123 发布在 每日记事 | 发布时间: 04:00PM Mar 16, 2007 |
Thursday Mar 15, 2007
时事阅读词汇总结——经贸类
根据有关资料收集的关于经贸类的词汇,希望对大家有帮助,共同进步。 [阅读全文]xiaoxiao123 发布在 每日记事 | 发布时间: 12:29PM Mar 15, 2007 |
Friday Mar 09, 2007
learn to live
刚才在博客里看到了STM关于学习的一篇文章,可以说是心得吧,有些感触。 我想大部分人都比较认同进入高等学府深造,而不愿自已去摸索着经历。话是这么说,可并不是每个人都会有机会进入高等学府深造,既然这样,也就不如退一步想了。生活最积极的方式就是耐心做好每一件要做的事。一段时间以后,您就会发现进步很多。我有一个朋友,他原来是学土地管理的,现在工作从事计算机络网络方面,一开始的时假不知道如何开机,不知道如何打印,可现在他却是计算机高手,没有其它原因,就是每天坚持学习,积少成多,举一反三的结果。
xiaoxiao123 发布在 每日记事 | 发布时间: 04:23PM Mar 09, 2007 | 评论[2] |