汉英文体之句子结构
正式英语与非正式英语用的句子结构不同,表现在如下几个方面：口语用小短句、并列句、主从句，书面语用长句、复杂的主从句分词结构，等等。
一、口语并列句，书面语复合句
He didn't tell me, but I knew it,thought.口语，并列句。
Although he did not tell me, I knew where he had been.中性。
He scratched his head and confessed himself puzzled.口语。
Scratching his head, he confessed himself puzzled. 书面，分词结构。
The clerk was upset by the manager, and decided to leave the job.口语。
The clerk, upset by the manager, decided to leave the job.书面，分词结构。
二、口语从句，书面语分词结构
If weather permits, we shall go out for a walk.(infml)
Weather permitting, we shall go out for a walk.(fml分词结构)
Since her husband was away, she had to do the work.(infml)
Her husband being away, she had to do the work.(fml分词结构)
As he had worked among peasants for over ten years, he knew them very well.(infml)
Having worked among peasants for over ten years, he knew them very well.(fml分词结构)
When they returned to their camp, they felt hungry and exhausted.中性。
The mountaineers returned to their camp, hungry and exhausted.书面。
Though he was young, he was not unequal to the task.中性。
Young as he was, he was not unequal to the task.书面，倒装。
三、口语短语，书面语完整句
原文：How to make her happy again?
修改：How could I make her happy again?
说明：How to...带有较重的口语色彩。
原文：2000 is the year of dragon, but what a pity is that the world hasn't given the first lottery ticket of the new century—the world hosting power of the Olympic Games to "the offsprings of the dragon".
修改：The year2000 is the year of dragon, but it is a pity that the world has not given the first lottery ticket of the new century hosting the Olympic Games, to "the offspring of the dragon".
说明：此句有六点修改：（1）句子不以阿拉伯数字开头；（2）“What a pity”用于口语，“...it is a pity that ”用于书面；（3）正式文体不用缩写词；（4）用逗号点开：“...century, hosting the Olympic Games, to...”；（5）"offspring"为不可数名词。
原文：But I'd like to be a teacher anyway.Why?
修改：But I'd like to be a teacher anyway, for several reasons.
说明：（1）“Why”是口语，只用于非正式语体；（2）这里最好改用“for several reasons”，这是“承上启下”之“韧带”，实不可少。
原文：Please believe us, during the course of making wonders in China...
修改：It must be made clear that during the course of making wonders in China...
说明：有人称句子为口语，it句型为书面语。
四、不用介词结尾
原文：...he had been long seeking a justifiable reason to date her, whom he was deep in love with.
修改：...he had been long seeking a justifiable reason to date her, with whom he was deep in love.
说明：最好不用介词结束句子。
五、强调句型
误：...but she did teach all the people around her a very good lesson.
正：...but, at that time, she nonetheless taught all the people around her a very good lesson.
说明：did teach 这种加强语气的手段一般用于口语，不用于书面语。
（摘自《汉译英基础教程》马秉义）
xiaoxiao123 发布在 每日记事
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发布时间: 04:11PM Apr 30, 2007
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