汉语借用句型回译
汉语白话运动以来,吸收了大量的西文句式,前人已作过详细的研究,这里只罗列一些句型,从事汉译的人知道它们从何而来,便于还原到原来的句型上去。
一、动词句型
1.动宾搭配
捕捉住（这刹那间的灵感） get/grasp inspiration from
归结到一点就是 come to a conclusion
火药味很重/充满火药味 have a strong smell of gunpowder
必将带来前景 open up a vast range of prospects for(doing)something
放了一个试探性的气球 fly/let off a trial balloon
冻结某人的资产 freeze someone's assets
提供服务 offer service
宣告破产 declare bankruptcy
2.介词+宾语+动词
对……表示赞赏 express admiration for
对……表示关注 pay a great deal of attention to
对……表示良好的祝愿 send/offer sb. best wishes
向……挑战 challenge
把……推向前进 push forward
把……减少到最低限度 reduce/decrease... to the minimum
用……的全部力量（做某事）devote onnself to sth.
给……蒙上了一层阴影 cast/throw a shadow on
以……而告终 end in/end up by(doing)sth.
使……成为可能/必要 make ...possible/necessary
成为可能 become possible
3.句子
不敢相信自己的眼睛 cannot trust one's eyes
有共同语言 have a common language
戴着某种颜色的眼镜看 look through blue/green/rose-colored glassed悲观地/羡慕/妒忌地/乐观地看事物
我的眼睛没有骗我。My eyes don't deceive me.
某事损害了某人的形象 impair/damage someone's reputation/image
某事正在变得过时 something is becoming out of date
在他的身上体现了这种新的精神. His embodies the new spirit.
(消息等)插上了翅膀 grow wings
二、连词句型
虽然……但是while...,it is equally true that:While no amount of study and diligence and practice will produce great writing, it is equally true that there can be no great writing without study and diligence and practice.光是勤奋写不出大作品，没有勤奋也写不出大作品。句中的while...it is equally true that相当于汉语里的“虽然……但是”。
It is probably true that, in the first blush of discovery , I over-stated both the difference and my case.应当说，刚发现这个问题的时候，我把差异说过了，把我的意思也说过了。
尽管……可是 though
不仅……而且 not only...but also
除非……否则 not...unless
与其说是……不如说是 rather than
如果……那么 if...then
由于……所以 as/since
当……时候 when
欧化的汉语是：当他自己的妻子都劝不动的时候，你怎么劝得动他呢？
地道汉语是：连他的妻子都劝不了，你怎么能劝得动他呢？
这样我们可以知道汉语的“连……也”可用when来表达。
现在很……而不能，等一会儿才能rather...now and can't ... until later:
She's rather busy now and can't see you until later.
现在她很忙，要晚一会儿才来见你。
仅仅是……吗？就是……这一点吗？anything more than:
Is this purpose anything more than to make them understand clearly what plot means?
他的目的仅仅是让他们懂得什么是情节吗？
不……是没有的，not...but双重否定表示加强肯定：
爱美之心人皆有之。
There is not a human being but loves beauty.
三、副词句型
原文：后来他觉得病得厉害了就去找医生看了。
译文：Then, one day, he felt so ill that he had to go to see a doctor.
原文：十分明显，她是一个很好的售货员。
译文：It is obvious that she is a very good salesman.
原文：很清楚，他的用意是好的。
译文：It is clear that he means well.
一般说来 generally
或迟或早/迟早 sooner or later
一方面……另一方面 on the one hand,...on the other hand
如此……以至于，来自 so...that，其实汉语本来的说法是“形容词或副词+得+动词”
四、介词句型
在不同/某种/一定/很大程度上 to some /great/a certain extent/degree(见《汉英科技写作词典》)
Each object in the universe, no matter how small, pulls on all other objects to some degree.
宇宙中每一物体不管多么小，都在某种程序上吸引所有其他物体。
It is well-known that the mechanical properties of most materials are influenced to some extect by strain rate.
in a way:The experiment was successfully done in a way.
在某种程度上实验是成功的。
To what extent are the criticisms valid?汉语不说“在什么程度上这种批评有效？”而说“这种批评有多少道理？”把这句汉语译为英语时可能会说Is there any reason in the criticism? 同样，“区别有没有？”会说Is there any difference?区别有多大？这里应该用extent, To what extent does the difference obtain in sth.或者To what extent are A vs B different?
由于这样那样的原因：
For this and other reasons, China was unable to develop her resources.
由于这样那样的原因,中国不能开发其资源。
For some reason or other they decided to move to Detroit.
由于这样那样的理由，他们决定迁到底特律。
从广义上讲 in a broad sense
在此基础上 on the basis of
五、名词句型
前者……后者 the former...the latter
表决机器 voting machine
橡皮图章 rubber stamp
价值观念 values
处女地 virgin land/soil
可能性/可读性/不可读性 probability /readability/unreadability
后现代主义/先验论 post-modernism/apriorism
(留下了)美好的回忆 a delightful/ pleasant/ lovely/memory
(给)定调子 call the tune
(寻找)替罪羊 (look for)a scapegoat
摘自《汉译英基础教程》马秉义
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发布时间: 02:08PM Jul 24, 2007
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