英语句型转换(2)
二、宾语与主语/表语/状语/定语的转化
1）宾语与主语的转换
His heart swelled with pride.→Pride swelled his heart.
The wind swelled out the sails.→The sails swelled out in the wind.
Mark rested his head in his hands.→His arms were resting on the table.
2)宾语与表语的转换
我们知道，谓动可以转换为表语，这时谓动用be,也可以转换为宾语，谓动用have，所以have句和be句可以互相转换。如：
I desired to know further details.
→I had a strong desire to know further details.
→I was strongly desirous to know further details.
我很想知道下一步的详情。
We can win the war.
→We have teh capability of winning the war.
我们能够赢得这声战争。
The news pleased me.
→I was pleased to hear the news.
→I have the pleasure of hearing the news.
我听到这消息很高兴。
The young farm boy looked healthy.
→The young farm boy had a healthy look.
农场的那个小男孩看上去很健康。
许多动词都可以转化为名词，又可以转化为形容词。如：
die → death →dead
free → freedom → free
heal →health →healthy
starve →starvation →starving
thrive →thrift →thrifty
表示长短、宽窄、高低、深浅、粗细等形容词，都有名词对应。如：
The river is 200 kilometers long.
→The river has a length of 200 kilometers.
The building is 20 meters high.
→The building has a height of 20 meters.
科技英语中动词大约三分之一是be,另一个常用的动词是have。如不说：Tin resists corrosion by air and water. 而说：Tin has a resistance to corrosion by air and water.上句讲行为，下句讲性质。故下句常用于科技文章中。再如不说：Water boils at 100℃。
When gases, liquid, and solids are heated, solids make the smallest expansion, liquid makes a greater expansion, and gases make the greatest expansion.
气体、液体、固体加热时，固体膨胀最小，液体体积较大，气体最大。
This truck carries a maximum load of five tons.
这辆卡车的最大载重量为五吨。
在科技文献中，对不具有动作行为含义的虚词汉译时省略，而将动作名词的动作译出，连系动词也是这样。
3）宾语与状语的转换
在汉语里我们可以说“种地”，也可以说“种麦子”,我们可以说“把池塘抽干”，也可以说“把池塘的水抽干”。英语里也是这样，下边是英语也可以这样用的一些动词，其宾语与状语互换之后意思大体不变。
(1)表示“塞入”意义的动词，如stuff,pack, cram, load等；
William stuffed the bag with old clothes.
→William stuffed old clothes into the bag.
(2)表示“堆集”意义的动词，如pile, heap, stack等：
He heaped the plated with food.
→He heaped food on the plate.
(3)表示“提供”意义的动词，如provide, present等；
He presented a silver cup to the winner.
→He presented the winner with a silver cup.
(4)表示“喷洒”意义的动词，如plaster, spray, strew, smear, prinkle, squirt, spatter等：
They spray an plants with an insecticide.
→They spray an insecticide upon plants.
(5)表示“种植”意义的动词，如plant, sow, cultivate, grow等：
He planted his garden with rose bushes.
→He planted rose bushes in his garden.
(6)表示“刻画” 意义的动词，如mark, engrave, inscribe, stamp等；
He engraved the silver plate with my name.
→He engraved my name on the silver plate.
(7)表示“注射”意义的动词，如inject：
They are injecting new drugs into him.
→They are injecting new drugs into him.
(8)表示“清除”意义的动词，如clear, empty,strip, drain等；
They drained the pond of water.
→They drained water from the pond.
(9)表示“捆，系，包”意义的动词，如tie, wrap等：
I wrapped the book in brown paper.
→I wrapped brown paper around the book.
(10)表示“覆盖”意义的动词，如spread等：
She spread the bread with butter.
→She spread butter onto the bread.
4)状语与定语的转化
两句变一句：
An object is placed in the sun. An object becomes hot.
→An object which is placed in the sun becomes hot.
定语从句变成分词短语：
An object which is placed in the sun becomes hot.
→An object placed in the sun becomes hot.
定语从句变成条件从句：
An object which is placed in the sun becomes hot.
→An object becomes hot when/if it is placed in the sun.
5)条件状语的转换
条件从句：If it is mixed with oxygen, this sort of fuel can be burned and release a series of gases.
省略式从句：If mixed with oxygen, this fuel can be burned and release some gases.
分词短语：Mixed with oxygen, this fuel can be burned and release gases.
介词短语：With oxygen, this fuel can be burned, releasing gases.
xiaoxiao123 发布在 每日记事
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发布时间: 04:49PM May 28, 2007
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